Premières Nations

Répondre à des questions à réponses multiples : premières expérimentations

Question-answering systems have multiples problems dealing with answer extraction from retrieved documents, especially when cross-checking is needed for questions expecting multiple answers. We focused on answer extraction and answer crossing by building an ideal corpus for a dozen of multiple answer questions. We performed a fine-grained evaluation on each strategy for answer extraction and va...

Recherche d'informations dans la blogosphère : Défis et premières évaluations

This paper describes the main retrieval problems when facing with blogs. Using the classical tf idf vector-space model together with three probabilistic and one statistical language model, we evaluate them using a TREC test-collections composed of 100 topics. Using two performance measures, we show that ignoring a stemming approach results in a better performance than other indexing strategies ...

Poor Nations / Rich Nations : Why the Difference ?

This article argues that the difference between poor countries and rich countries has to do with governance rather than resources, emphasizing the importance of public administration in explaining economic success and failure. Political elasticity (PE) theory is introduced for the analysis presented here, including the following terminology: (1) political elasticity, (2) political inelasticity,...

United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization United Nations

Termites are the most important soil fauna in the Sahelian zone of Africa, intensely interacting with the soil. Both the biotic and abiotic state of the soil affect the termite population and activity. The construction by termites of nests, gallery systems or sheetings from soil or from a mixture of soil and other material within the soil horizons or on the soil surface affect the physical and ...

United Nations Environment Programme United Nations Human Settlements Programme